Lukomsky V. Chartered letters of the XVII and XVIII centuries.

Lukomsky V. Chartered letters of the XVII and XVIII centuries.
Saint Petersburg. Sirius. 1913 9 p. Softcover, 18 x 27 cm. Covers separately from the block, splits into two notebooks, tears, minor losses of the cover.

Charters are the name of legal acts in medieval Europe and Russia that granted certain privileges and advantages to nobles, churches, monasteries, and various corporations, institutions, and individuals.

According to the subject of the award, the awarded certificates are divided into:

fiefdom-preferential, in which the monastery is transferred to the estate and the benefits of living on its territory are determined preferential

emancipating, in which the secular authorities allowed monasteries to acquire any real estate

actually granted, having the form of civil transactions of the landowner with the monastery

confirming

granted, having the form of administrative orders of the feudal Lord and approaching the decree.

An essential feature of all chartered letters is that they grant institutions or individuals exclusive rights not by virtue of their belonging to state structures, but by virtue of a grant, by virtue of the sovereign's grace.

The oldest chartered Charter was given by Ivan Kalita-between 1328 and 1340. In the XIV and XV centuries, the right of nobles to land, received depending on the service, was expressed in the form of letters patent.

David Macik subdivided them into two main types: pure and mixed. The first category included all types of certificates that transferred any property, rights, benefits, or a whole set of homogeneous items; the second category included certificates that combined heterogeneous concepts (for example, transfer of property, as well as exceptions to the General procedure of court and administration) or only one benefits, but of a heterogeneous nature.

In the last quarter of the XVII century, a number of charters were issued, which approved various benefits for Sloboda residents who settled in the settlements on the left Bank of the Dnieper and its tributaries to the don. Of the charters of the XVIII century, the charters Of Catherine II to the nobility and the charters of cities (both in 1785) are particularly well known.